Bava Kamma 187

Chapter 187

א דמאספורק בית שמאי אוסרין וב"ה מתירין מאי טעמיה דבית שמאי אמר קרא (דברים כג, יט) גם שניהם לרבות שינוייהם ובית הלל אמר קרא הם ולא שינוייהם
1 of Aspurak taught: 'Beth Shammai prohibit the produce to be used as sacrifices, whereas Beth Hillel permit it.' Now, what was the reason of Beth Shammai? — Because it is written gam, to include their transformation. But Beth Hillel maintains that hem implies only them and not their transformations. Beth Shammai, however, maintains that though hem is written, what it implies is 'them and not their offsprings'. Beth Hillel still argue that you can understand both points from it: 'them and not their transformations, them and not their offsprings.' But how could Beth Hillel explain the insertion of gam? Gam offers a difficulty according to the view of Beth Hillel.
ב ובית שמאי הא כתיב הם ההוא מיבעי ליה הם ולא ולדותיהם ובית הלל תרתי שמעת מינה הם ולא שינוייהם הם ולא ולדותיהם
2 What about R. Eliezer b. Jacob? — As it was taught:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Sanh. 6b. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ג ובית הלל נמי הכתיב גם גם לב"ה קשיא
3 R. Eliezer b. Jacob says: If one misappropriated a <i>se'ah</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ד רבי אליעזר בן יעקב מאי היא
4 of wheat and kneaded it and baked it and set aside a portion of it as <i>hallah</i>,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the priestly portion set aside from dough. cf. Num. XV, 19-21. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ה דתניא ר' אליעזר בן יעקב אומר הרי שגזל סאה של חטין טחנה לשה ואפאה והפריש ממנה חלה כיצד מברך אין זה מברך אלא מנאץ ועל זה נאמר (תהלים י, ג) בוצע ברך נאץ ה'
5 how would he be able to pronounce the benediction?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to Asheri on Ber. 45a it refers to the grace over the meal. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ו ר' שמעון בן אלעזר מאי היא דתניא כלל זה אמר ר' שמעון בן אלעזר כל שבח שהשביח גזלן ידו על העליונה רצה נוטל שבחו רצה אומר לו הרי שלך לפניך
6 He would surely not be pronouncing a blessing but pronouncing a blasphemy, as to such a one could be applied the words: <i>The robber pronounceth a benediction [but in fact] contemneth the Lord</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. X. 3; [E.V.: And the covetous renounceth, yea, contemneth the Lord. In spite of the many changes the wheat had undergone it is still not his and not fit to have a blessing uttered over it.] ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ז מאי קאמר אמר רב ששת ה"ק השביחה נוטל שבחו כחש אומר לו הרי שלך לפניך דשינוי במקומו עומד
7 What about R. Simeon b. Eleazar? — As it was taught: This principle was stated by R. Simeon b. Eleazar: In respect of any improvement carried out by the robber, he would have the upper hand; if he wishes he can take the improvement, or if he wishes he may say to the plaintiff: 'Here take your own.' What is meant by this [last] statement?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For in the case of improvement it is surely not in the interests of the robber to plead, 'Here is thine before thee.' ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ח אי הכי אפילו השביח נמי אמרי מפני תקנת השבים
8 — Said R. Shesheth: This is meant: Where the article has been improved, the robber may take the increased value, but where it has deteriorated he may say to him: 'Here, take your own,' as a change leaves the article in its previous status. But if so why should it not be the same even in the case where the article was improved? We may reply, in order to make matters easier for repentant robbers.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra p. 383 and infra 547. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ט ר' ישמעאל מאי היא דתניא מצות פאה להפריש מן הקמה לא הפריש מן הקמה מפריש מן העומרים לא הפריש מן העומרים מפריש מן הכרי עד שלא מרחו
9 What about R. Ishmael? — It was taught:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sanh. 68a; Mak. 16b. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
י מרחו מעשר ונותן לו משום ר' ישמעאל אמרו אף מפריש מן העיסה ונותן לו
10 [Strictly speaking,] the precept of <i>Pe'ah</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'The corners of the field', cf. Lev. XIX. 9. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
יא א"ל רב פפא לאביי איכפל כל הני תנאי לאשמועינן כב"ש א"ל הכי קאמרי לא נחלקו בית שמאי וב"ה בדבר זה
11 requires that it should be set aside from standing crops. If, however, the owner did not set it aside from standing crops he should set it aside from the sheaves; so also if he did not set it aside from the sheaves he should set it aside from the heap [in his store] so long as he has not evened the pile. But if he had already evened the pile<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When the grain becomes subject to the law of tithing; cf. Ber. 40b and Ma'as. I, 6. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
יב אמר רבא ממאי דלמא עד כאן לא קאמר רבי שמעון בן יהודה התם אלא בצבע הואיל ויכול להעבירו על ידי צפון
12 he would have first to tithe it and then set aside the <i>Pe'ah</i> for the poor. Moreover, In the name of R. Ishmael it was stated that the owner would even have to set it aside from the dough and give it to the poor.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In spite of the many changes which had been made. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
יג ועד כאן לא קאמרי ב"ש התם אלא לגבוה משום דאימאיס
13 Said R. papa to Abaye: Why was it necessary to repeat and bring together all these Tannaitic statements for the sole purpose of making us know that they concurred with Beth Shammai?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whose views have generally not been accepted; cf. 'Er. 13b. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
יד ועד כאן לא קאמר ר' אליעזר בן יעקב התם אלא לענין ברכה משום דהוה ליה מצוה הבאה בעבירה
14 — He replied: It was for the purpose of telling us that Beth Hillel and the Beth Shammai did probably not differ at all on this matter. But Raba said: What ground have we for saying that all these Tannaim follow one view? Why not perhaps say that R. Simeon b. Judah meant his statement there<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Regarding the dyeing of the wool which was subject to the law of the first of the fleece to be set aside for the priest. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>
טו ועד כאן לא קאמר ר"ש בן אלעזר התם אלא בהכחשה דהדר
15 to apply only to the case of dyeing on account of the fact that the colour could be removed by soap, and so also did Beth Shammai mean their view there to apply only to a religious offering because it looks repulsive, or again that R. Eliezer b. Jacob meant his statement there to apply only to a benediction on the ground that it was a precept performed by the means of a transgression,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' v. Ber. 47b. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>
טז ועד כאן לא קאמר ר' ישמעאל התם אלא לענין פאה משום דכתיב (ויקרא כג, כב) תעזוב יתירא וכי תימא ליגמר מיניה מתנות עניים שאני
16 and so also did R. Simeon b. Eleazar mean his view there to apply only to a deterioration which can be replaced, or again R. Ishmael meant his view there to apply only to the law of <i>Pe'ah</i>, on account of the repeated expression. <i>'Thou shalt leave'</i>?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XIX. 10 and XXIII, 22 — implying in all circumstances. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>
יז כדבעי ר' יונתן דבעי ר' יונתן מאי טעמא דר' ישמעאל משום דקסבר שינוי אינו קונה או דלמא בעלמא קסבר שינוי קונה והכא משום דכתיב תעזוב יתירא
17 If however you argue that we should derive the law<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That change does not transfer ownership. ');"><sup>16</sup></span>
יח ואם תמצי לומר טעמא דר' ישמעאל משום דקסבר שינוי אינו קונה תעזוב יתירא דכתב רחמנא למה לי ותו לרבנן תעזוב יתירא דכתב רחמנא למה לי
18 from the latter case,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., from the law of Pe'ah. ');"><sup>17</sup></span>
יט מבעי ליה לכדתניא המפקיר כרמו והשכים לבקר ובצרו חייב בפרט ובעוללות ובשכחה ובפאה ופטור מן המעשר
19 [it might surely be said that] gifts to the poor are altogether different,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Adreth. S., Hiddushim, improves the text by omitting: 'If however&nbsp;… different.'] ');"><sup>18</sup></span>
כ אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל הלכה כרבי שמעון בן אלעזר
20 as is shown by the question of R. Jonathan. For R. Jonathan asked concerning the reason of R. Ishmael: 'Was it because he held that a change does not transfer ownership, or does he as a rule hold that a change would transfer ownership, but here it is different on account of the repeated expression, <i>Thou shalt leave'</i>!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [This concludes Raba's argument. V. Adreth, loc. cit.] ');"><sup>19</sup></span>
כא ומי אמר שמואל הכי והאמר שמואל אין שמין לא לגנב ולא לגזלן אלא לנזקין
21 But if you find ground for assuming that the reason of R. Ishmael was because a change does not transfer ownership, why then did the Divine Law repeat the expression '<i>Thou shalt leave</i>'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XIX. 10 and XXIII, 22 — implying in all circumstances. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>
כב בשלמא לרבא דאמר כי קאמר ר' שמעון בן אלעזר התם בהכחשה דהדר לא קשיא כי קאמר הלכה כרבי שמעון בן אלעזר דשינוי במקומו עומד בהכחשה דהדר וכי קאמר שמואל התם אין שמין לא לגנב ולא לגזלן אלא לנזקין בהכחשה דלא הדר
22 Again, according to the Rabbis, why did the Divine Law repeat the expression '<i>Thou shalt leave</i>'? — This [additional] insertion was necessary for that which was taught:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For notes v. supra pp. 148-9. ');"><sup>20</sup></span>
כג אלא לאביי דאמר כי קאמר רשב"א בהכחשה דלא הדר קאמר מאי איכא למימר
23 If a man after renouncing the ownership of his vineyard gets up early on the following morning and cuts off the grapes, he will be subject to the laws of Peret, 'Oleloth, Forgetting and <i>Pe'ah</i>,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On account of the repeated 'Thou shalt leave'. ');"><sup>21</sup></span>
כד אביי מתני הכי אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל
24 but will be exempt from tithes. Rab Judah said that Samuel stated that the <i>halachah</i> is in accordance with R. Simeon b. Eleazar.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That in cases of deterioration the robber will be entitled to say. 'Here there is thine before thee.' ');"><sup>22</sup></span> But did Samuel really say so? Did not Samuel state that assessment of the carcass is made neither in cases of theft nor of robbery, but only of damage?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Explained supra p. 44. ');"><sup>23</sup></span> I grant you that according to Raba who said that the statement made there by R. Simeon b. Eleazar related only to a deterioration where a recovery would still be possible, there would be no difficulty since Samuel in his statement that the <i>halachah</i> is in accordance with R. Simeon b. Eleazar [who holds] that a change leaves the article in its previous status, referred to the case of deterioration where a recovery would still be possible, whereas the statement made there<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Explained supra p. 44. ');"><sup>23</sup></span> by Samuel that assessment of the carcass is made neither in the case of theft nor of robbery but only of damage would apply to deterioration where no recovery seems possible. But according to Abaye who said that the statement made by R. Simeon b. Eleazar [also] referred to deterioration where a recovery is no more possible, how can we get over the contradiction? — But Abaye might read thus: Rab Judah said that Samuel stated: